Paranoid personality disorder cluster4/27/2024 Cluster A is characterized by odd or erratic behaviors, while Cluster C disorders are characterized by anxious or fearful behaviors. They are characterized by dramatic, manipulative, or emotional behaviors. Though Cluster B disorders draw significant attention because they are frequently portrayed in the media-and because those with the disorders often wreak havoc in their personal relationships-they are the least common personality disorders, according to DSM estimates. There is wide variety in the symptomatology and interpersonal challenges caused by personality disorders based on similarities between certain disorders and a greater possibility for overlap, the 10 disorders currently in the category are divided into three clusters: A, B, and C. Finally, behavioral techniques such as social-skills training may also be implemented to address ongoing interpersonal problems displayed in the disorders.All personality disorders are deeply ingrained, rigid ways of behaving and thinking that can greatly affect the individual’s relationships and mental well-being. Clients with schizoid personality disorder may be engaged in CBT techniques to help them experience more positive emotions and engage in more satisfying social experiences whereas the goal of CBT for schizotypal personality disorder is to evaluate unusual thoughts or perceptions objectively and to ignore the inappropriate thoughts (Beck & Weishaar, 2011). Additionally, attempts at cognitive restructuring – both identifying and changing maladaptive thought patterns – are also helpful in addressing the misinterpretations of other’s words and actions, particularly in those with paranoid personality disorder (Kellett & Hardy, 2014). When clients are enrolled in treatment, cognitive behavioral strategies are most commonly used with the primary intention of reducing anxiety-related symptoms. Because of this, treatment is known to move very slowly, with many clients dropping out of treatment before any resolution of symptoms can be met. Furthermore, due to the nature of these disorder, individuals in treatment often struggle to trust the clinician as they are suspicious of the clinician’s intentions (paranoid and schizotypal personality disorder) or are emotionally distant from the clinician as they do not have a desire to engage in treatment due to a lack of overall emotion and desire for relationships (schizoid personality disorder Kellett & Hardy, 2014, Colli, Tanzilli, Dimaggio, & Lingiardi, 2014). Of those that do seek treatment, the majority do not enter it willingly. Individuals with personality disorders within cluster A often do not seek out treatment as they do not identify themselves as someone who needs help (Millon, 2011). The combination of limited affect and social anxiety contributes to their inability to establish and maintain personal relationships most individuals with schizotypal personality disorder prefer to keep to themselves in efforts to reduce this anxiety. Significant social anxiety is often also present in social situations, particularly in those involving unfamiliar people. Additionally, individuals with this disorder also display inappropriate or restricted affect, thus impacting their ability to appropriately interact with others in a social context. Similar to the other personality disorders within cluster A, there is also a component of paranoia or suspiciousness of other’s motives in schizotypal personality disorder. Unusual perceptual experiences such as sensing the presence of another person or hearing one’s name (subthreshold hallucinations), as well as unusual speech patterns such as derailment or incoherence are also symptoms of this disorder. The perception of special or magical powers such as the ability to mind read or control other’s thoughts has also been documented in individuals with schizotypal personality disorder. ![]() Ideas of reference also lead to superstitious behaviors or preoccupation with paranormal activities that are not generally accepted in their culture (APA, 2013). ![]() This is a milder version of the delusions of reference that were discussed in the previous chapter. One of the most prominent features of schizotypal personality disorder is ideas of reference or the belief that unrelated events pertain to them in a particular and unusual way. ![]() Similar to those with schizoid personality disorder, these individuals also seek isolation and have few, if any established relationships outside of family members. ![]() Schizotypal personality disorder is characterized by a range of impairment in social and interpersonal relationships due to discomfort in relationships, along with odd cognitive and/or perceptual distortions and eccentric behaviors (APA, 2013).
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